Cancer is deemed as a physically and emotionally challenging journey. Whether it is chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, all these methods of cancer treatment can impact a person and take a toll on their body. Not only are the energy levels of the person affected but it also impacts appetite, digestion, and overall well-being. At such a time, nutrition becomes more than mere daily necessity. In fact, it plays a vital, significant role in helping the body cope with treatment and recover more effectively.
Importance of nutrition during cancer treatment
Eating to add nutrients and calories to your body is relatively easy when you are healthy. A cancer patient undergoing treatment experiences varied energy levels, along with evident side effects that make nutrition a challenge. Eating well during the course of your treatment is essential because of the following reasons:
• Makes you feel stronger and maintains your energy levels
• Preserves your body’s nutrients while maintaining body weight
• Equips you to tolerate side effects better
• Lowers your risk of acquiring infections
• Aids in faster recovery and healing
Nutritional challenges faced by cancer patients
The most common side effects that occur as a result of undergoing cancer treatments are:
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Changes in taste buds
• Difficulty chewing or swallowing
• Digestive issues (diarrhea, constipation)
Vital nutrients required during treatment
A. Proteins: Proteins help the body to grow, repair body tissue, and preserve immunity. In the absence of adequate amounts of protein, the body breaks down its muscle mass for generating fuel. This can impact the body’s ability to fight against infections. People undergoing cancer treatment need more protein for fighting infections and healing tissues. Good sources of protein include fish, eggs, lean meat, low-fat dairy products, beans and lentils, nuts and berries, and soy foods.
B. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate-rich foods are the main source of providing energy for carrying out normal, daily activities. The best sources of carbohydrates are whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, etc. These foods also add fibre to the diet which facilitates easy movement of faeces out of the body.
C. Fats: Fats are another known source of energy and are used to provide insulation to the body tissues and also help in transporting some fat-soluble vitamins in the blood. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are healthier options compared to trans-fats and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Getting more than 10% of calories from saturated fats can increase cholesterol levels and raise the chances of having heart attacks.
D. Vitamins and minerals: Most of the vitamin and mineral supply is met in the food we eat. However, cancer patients suffer from certain side effects which make eating difficult. It is important to notify your healthcare provider if these side effects continue to prevail for several weeks or months. You might be recommended a dietitian who can put you on a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement.
E. Water: Having enough water and fluids is vital as you might get dehydrated due to diarrhea and vomiting. To keep yourself well hydrated, drink water as well as other fluids like soups, consume fruits and vegetables containing high content of water such as cucumbers, melons, etc.
While no tailor-made diet can cure cancer, the right nutritional approach can help prevent unwanted weight loss, maintain strength, support the immune system, and manage treatment-related side effects. Navigating cancer treatment is never easy, but paying attention to nutrition can decide how well the body copes with healing and recovery. Nutritional requirements can vary depending upon the type of treatment, individual health conditions, and personal preferences. Ultimately, the goal is nourishment and comfort of the patient throughout the journey of treatment and recovery.